Predatory Publishing has been facilitated by the growth of online publishing and has flourished under the Open Access publication model, a model that often charges an author fee in order to make an article freely available for public viewing. Predatory publishing is characterized by some or all of the following characteristics:
- Charging exorbitant author fees for publication (these fees may not be upfront, but rather an invoice may be generated after an article is submitted)
- Phishing emails soliciting manuscripts for publication
- Lack of an editorial board or true peer review system
- No digital preservation plan
- Poor journal quality
- Journals are not covered (indexed) in scholarly databases